Amateka n’ibigwi by’intwari z’u Rwanda n’ibyiciro zibarizwamo

Intwari zibukwa mu rwego rwo guhabwa icyubahiro ndetse hagamijwe no gutera ishyaka abakiri bato. Gashyantare tariki ya 1 ni umunsi buri mwaka u Rwanda rwahariye abakoze ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa aho hakorwa ibiganiro bigaruka ku mateka yaranze izi ntwari ndetse zinahabwa icyubahiro. 

Iki gikorwa akenshi gikorwa mu ngeri zose haba mu kubinyuza mu marushwanwa y’imikino itandukanye ndetse no mu bitaramo by’imyidagaduro biba birimo ababyinnyi ndetse n’abaririmbyi b'ingeri zitandukanye.

AMATEKA Y’INTWARI Z’U RWANDA

Intwali z’u Rwanda zigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu: Imanzi, Imena n’Ingenzi.

1. Urwego rw’Intwari z’Imanzi:

Uru rwego rurimo intwali zitakiriho.

Ingabo itazwi izina:

Ingabo itazwi izina yatoranijwe mu zindi ngabo zemeye guhara ubuzima bwazo kandi zitabashije kumenyekana ku buryo bwihariye.

Ingabo itazwi izina ihagarariye ingabo zose z’u Rwanda zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa zashoboraga kurugwaho mu gihe cyahise, icy’ubungubu n’ikizaza zirwanira igihugu.

Imva y’Ingabo Itazwi izina ni ikimenyetso cyo guha icyubahiro gihebuje abana b’u Rwanda bitanze baharanira guhanga no kwagura u Rwanda, ubwigenge n’ubusugire bwarwo.

Major General Rwigema Fred:

Yavukiye i Mukiranze mu Karere ka Kamonyi mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 10 Mata 1957. Yatabarutse ku wa 2 Ukwakira 1990 i Kagitumba mu Karere ka Nyagatare mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, agwa ku rugamba yari amaze gutangiza rwo kubohora u Rwanda.

Major General Rwigema Fred: Mu bwana bwe, yakundaga kwibaza icyatumye bava iwabo mu Rwanda n’icyabuze kugira ngo basubireyo. Yakundaga gusoma ibitabo by’abaharaniye kubohora ibihugu byabo nka Kwame Nkurumah, Mao-Tse-Tung na Fidèle Castro.

Ataretse kuba Umunyarwanda, Fred Rwigema yagiye agira imyanya ikomeye muri NRA nko kuba Uwungirije Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo (Deputy Army Commander), Minisitiri Wungirije w’Ingabo (Deputy Minister for Defense) n’Umugaba Mukuru w’imirwano (Overall Operations Commander).

Muri iyo mirwano yose yo mu mahanga, Fred Rwigema yari umusirikare nyakuri, w’intangarugero mu mikorere n’imyifatire, kugira ikinyabuphura no kubahiriza amategeko.

Ariko, muri byose yahozaga u Rwanda ku mutima, adahwema kuvuga ko “kubohora u Rwanda ari ngombwa”. Fred Rwigema yaranzwe n’ubupfura n’ubuhanga, kuba umunyakuri, areba kure, azi kwihangana, yubaha bose, ategekesha urugero, akunda umuco wa kinyarwanda n’imikino aba umuhuza w’abantu. Yabaye urugero rwo kwitanga no gukunda igihugu bihebuje.

2. Urwego rw’Imena

Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre:

Rudahigwa yaranzwe no kurwanya akarengane mu butabera abigaragariza mu Rukiko rw’Umwami no mu mirimo ya buri munsi aho yirirwaga arenganura abaturage cyane cyane abakiri bato.

Rudahigwa yitaye cyane ku bujijuke bw’Abanyarwanda: ashinga Fonds Mutara, asaba abapadiri b'abayezuwiti gushinga Koleji i Gatagara, bayijyana i Bujumbura iba Collège International du Saint Esprit, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari ry’i Nyamirambo, ashinga za Ecoles Laïques, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abenemutara ry’i Kanyanza anohereza Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga i Burayi.

Mutara wa III yatangiye impinduramatwara muri politike, akuraho inkuke zakamirwaga Umwami yishakira ize bwite, akuraho imirimo y’agahato yitwaga akazi, akuraho ubuhake abagaragu bagabana na bashebuja, ashaka gukuraho igitabo cy’umusoro cyanditsemo amoko, Ababiligi barabyanga, yanga « kwica Gitera ashaka gukuraho ikibimutera ».

Rudahigwa yahirimbaniye ubumwe n’ubwigenge by’Abanyarwanda ku buryo Abanyarwanda batekereza ko ari byo yazize nka ba Lumumba na Rwagasore.

Michel Rwagasana:

Michel Rwagasana yakoze imirimo inyuranye. Iyi mirimo yose yerekana ko yagirirwaga icyizere kubera ubunyangamugayo n’umwete bye, yabaye umukozi wa Leta Mbirigi i Bujumbura, yabaye umunyamabanga w’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu kuva yajyaho muri 1954, yanabaye umunyamabanga wihariye w’Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa.

Kubera guharanira ubumwe, ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda no kurwanya amacakubiri yabaye umunyamabanga wa mbere w’ishyaka Union Nationale Rwandaise ry’umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa ajya mu ntumwa z’u Rwanda zaruhagariraga mu bindi bihugu no muri LONI.

Michel Rwagasana yatanze urugero ruhebuje rwo gushyira imbere inyungu z’igihugu aho kwita ku ze bwite kuko aba yaremeye politike y’irondakoko agahabwa umwanya ukomeye mu Rwanda rwari rutegetswe na mwene Se wabo Gerigori Kayibanda nka Perezida wa Repubulika.

Uwilingiyimana Agatha:Uwilingiyimana Agatha yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere w’umugore kuva kuwa 17 Nyakanga 1993 kugeza kuwa 7 Mata 1994. Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yishwe n’abari ingabo z’igihugu. Uwilingiyimana Agathe yagize umutima wa kigabo arwanya akarengane k’iringaniza mu gihe yari Minisitiri w’Amashuri Abanza n’Ayisumbuye mu butegetsi bw’irondakarere n’irondakoko.

Yongeye kugaragaza ubwitange bwe buhebuje mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi akomeza iy’ubuyobozi agerageza kugarura ituze mu gihugu cyari kigabijwe n’abicanyi. Ntawashidikanya ko ari umwe mu bagore b’Abanyarwanda baharaniye uburenganzira bw’Umunyarwandakazi.

Félicité Niyitegeka: Yishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kubera ko yanze kwitandukanya n’abo yari yahaye ubuhungiro hamwe na bagenzi be bari muri Centre Saint Pierre ku Gisenyi.Mu mibereho ye, Niyitegeka Félicité yerekanye bwa butwari bwa buri munsi mu mirimo umuntu aba ashinzwe, haba mu byerekeye kwigisha no kurera, mu gucunga umutungo w’ibigo yakozemo, haba mu kuyobora abinjiraga mu muryango w’abafasha b’ubutumwa no gufasha abatishoboye. Ibyo byose yabigiranye ubushobozi bwinshi bagenzi be bakabimwubahira kandi bakabimukundira.

Kuba intangarugero yari yarabigize umuco ni cyo cyamufashije mu kwemera kwitangira abari baramugannye ahitamo kwicwa aho kugwa mu ngengabitekerezo y’ivanguramoko.

Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange: Abemezwaho ubutwari ni abari mu cyigo cy’i Nyange mu ijoro ryo kuwa 18 Werurwe 1997 mu ishuri ry’uwa gatandatu n’uwa gatanu igihe abacengezi bateraga icyo kigo ari abapfuye ari n’abatarapfuye iryo joro.

Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange baharaniye ku mugaragaro amahame y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kugeza aho bamwe babizira babizi, bemera guhara ubuzima bwabo aho kwivangura.

Babereye Abanyarwanda muri rusange n’urubyiruko by’umwihariko, urugero rw’urukundo, rwo kurwanya amacakubiri no kwitangira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

3. Urwego rw’Ingenzi

Abantu bari muri uru rwego ntibaramenyekana kuko hakirimo gukorwa ubushakashatsi ngo hamenyekane abazashyirwamo.

Mu gukora iyi nkuru twifashishije inyandiko 'INTWARI Z'U RWANDA' ya Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n'Umuco.

Umwanditsi: Mucunguzi Izere Joselyne-InyaRwanda.com