Byagenda bite ishyamba rya Nyungwe riramutse ritemwe cyangwa rigatwikwa rigashiraho?

Gusa uwakubaza ibigushimisha wavuga ibihe? Ubanza hataburamo ubuzima bwiza, kwihaza mu biribwa n’ibinyobwa ndetse ukabasha kubibonera igihe cyose ubishakiye, umutekano, kuramba kwawe n’ukw’abo ukunda, kugira umuryango mwiza, gutembera, gutera imbere, kwishimana n’inshuti, iterambere ry’igihugu cyawe n’ibindi byinshi.

Ibi byose wishimira kandi wifuza biramutse bibaye wakwishima bingana iki? Ibyo watekereje utinya se byo bibaye, bikabera icyarimwe, bikaba kuri wowe n’abawe, hacura iki? Ibyo ni bimwe mu byabaho tubaye tutakigira amashyamba ku isi.

Duhereye hano iwacu i Rwanda, amwe mu mashyamba tuzi dufite harimo n’ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Iyo umuntu avuze iri shyamba abenshi bahita biyumvira ubukerarugendo, nanjye ndimo. Gusa ku rundi ruhande hariho n’abahita bumva umwuka mwiza duhumeka, amazi meza tunywa, imyaka ibona imvura ikera, “isi” icumbikira inyamaswa n’ibindi. Muri abo bumva gutyo na ho ndimo.

Reka twibaze tuti iri shyamba riramutse rivuyeho, rikaba ritakiriho, mbese rigatemwa rigashira cyangwa rigatwikwa rikarangira, byagenda bite?

Abenshi kuri iki kibazo turahita twiyumvira tuti: “None se ko ari ishyamba, ishyamba nyine rivuyeho byagenda gute? Haba iki kidasanzwe? Wenda se ibyo biti byari birigize byacanwa cyangwa bikabazwamo intebe, ameza n’ibindi. Cyangwa se nanone, aho ryari riri hahingwa, hashyirwa ibikorwa remezo nk’imihanda, amazu, amashuri n’ibindi.”

Uwagerageje gutekereza byisumbuyeho, ashobora kwibaza ko abarituriye wenda bamara imyaka nk’ibiri batabona imvura ihagije.

Twese ntabwo twaba turi kure y’ukuri. Gusa dutekereze cyane. Dore bimwe mu bishobora kuba:

1. Twabura amazi

Ushobora kuba utuye kure y’iri shyamba wenda nk’i Kigali, ukaba wibaza ko Kigali iri kure cyane ya Nyungwe bityo ingaruka zo kuba Nyungwe yazimira zitabasha kukugeraho. Ni kangahe mu rugo iwawe cyangwa iwanyu mukunda kubura amazi; yaba yabuze cyangwa se imiyoboro iyageza iwanyu yangiritse?

N’ubwo bitakiri ku rwego ruhangayikishije cyane, ariko ibuka hamwe mu hantu henshi hajyaga habura amazi, bikamara iminsi itanu, icyumweru, ibyumweru bibiri, ukwezi,... batarabona amazi, wibaze uko babaga babayeho. Kuri ubu ubanza bitakibaho cyangwa bikaba bisigaye hakeya cyane. Gerageza kwibaza biramutse byongeye kugaruka, hacura iki?

Abashinzwe kubungabunga ishyamba rya Nyungwe batubwira ko hafi 70% by’amazi akoreshwa mu gihugu ava muri iri shyamba. 70% ni umubare munini cyane ariko reka tugerageze kuworoshya kugira ngo tuwumve neza. Niba u Rwanda rwose rukoresha 100% by’amazi, ni ukuvuga ngo iri shyamba rivuyeho, 70% byose byabura amazi, bikaba bisobanura ko 30% byaba bisigaye aribyo byonyine byaba bibasha kubona amazi.

Ni ukuvuga ngo mu bantu 100, abantu 30 bonyine nibo babasha kubona amazi. Tuvuge niba ari nyumbakumi (ingo icumi) zigizwe n’abantu 10 buri rugo, ingo eshatu zonyine nizo zaba zifite amazi izindi zirindwi zose ntayo zifite. Noneho reba mu gihugu hose, muri buri ngo 10, ingo eshatu zonyine ari zo gusa zibasha kubona amazi, izindi zirindwi zitabasha kuyabona, bikazakomeza kugera mu gihe kitazwi.

Mu kiganiro na Remy Norbert Duhuze, Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Ubwinshi n’Ubwiza bw’Amazi mu Kigo gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere w’Amazi mu Rwanda (RWB), yadutangarije ko “Kugeza ubu nta nyigo yihariye iragaragaza uwo mubare wa 70%, ariko ikizwi ni uko ishyamba rya Nyungwe ari isoko y’imigezi y’ingenzi mu gihugu nka Mwogo, Mbirurume na Rukarara ari nayo ibyara Nyabarongo ikomeza ikaza kubyara Akagera iyo imaze guhura n’Akanyaru. Muri Nyungwe kandi havamo n’indi migezi ijya mu cyogogo cya Kivu kiri mu cyogogo kinini cya Congo.”

Yongeraho ko Nyungwe ari yo kigega cy’amazi y’u Rwanda. Ati: “N’ubwo n’ibindi bice by’igihugu bifite imigezi ibiturukamo nka Mukungwa, Muvumba n’indi, ariko twavuga ko Nyungwe ari yo kigega cy’amazi y’u Rwanda dukurikije ubwinshi n’ingano by’imigezi iriturukamo.”

Remy Norbert yakomeje adusobanurira ku kamaro k’ishyamba avuga ko iyo imvura iguye, ishyamba rifasha mu gufata ya mazi y’imvura rikayanywa (reka mvuge gutyo), maze ya mazi agacengera mu butaka agakora ibidendezi by’amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka (groundwater reserves) akaba ariyo azabyara imigezi n’amasoko. Ibi birumvikana ko iyo nta shyamba rihari, ya mazi tutayabona.

Ibi bisobanura ko Nyungwe iramutse itemwe yose, ya mazi yose twabonye haruguru twayabura, cyangwa akaba make cyane.

2. Ibiiza byakwikuba inshuro zitabarika ndetse n’ingaruka zabyo zikatugeraho ku bwinshi

Tubanze twibukiranye ko ishyamba rigabanya umuvuduko w’amazi iyo imvura yaguye, bityo bikagabanya isuri.

Iyo habaye isuri, ubutaka bugatwarwa n’amazi y’imvura, ya mazi twavuze haruguru atugeraho arandura, bityo igiciro cyo kuyatunganya kikiyongera, maze bigatuma atugeraho ahenze.

Ibi kandi ngo “Bigabanya ubushobozi bw’ingomero bwo kubika amazi kandi ayo mazi ashobora gutera indwara mu gihe ubutaka burimo nabwo bwanduye” nk’uko Remy Norbert yakomeje abidusobanurira.

Aho imvura yatwaye ubutaka kandi ntihaba hacyera neza kuko ubutaka buba bwatwawe ari ubutaka bwo hejuru, kandi aribwo bubamo ibitunga ibihingwa.

Twibuke iyo imvura yaguye nyinshi cyane ukuntu mu makuru havugwamo ingo zasenyutse, abantu, inyamaswa n’amatungo amazi yatwaye, imisozi yaridutse n’ibindi. Ibi byose byakwikuba inshuro zitabarika.

3. Haba imihindagurikire y’ibihe

Ubusanzwe amashyamba agira uruhare mu gutuma hatabaho imihindagurikire y’ikirere, kuko afasha mu kuyungurura imyuka yangiza ikirere iterwa n’ibintu binyuranye birimo inganda, ibikoreshwa mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu (imodoka, indege, moto,...) bidakoresha umuriro cyangwa imirasire y’izuba, imyanda imenwa mu bimoteri, n’ibindi binyuranye.

Amashyamba abika umwuka mubi cyangwa Gaz carbonique (Dioxide de Carbone/Carbon Dioxide) mu ndimi z'amahanga cyangwa CO2 mu mpine, agasohora umwuka mwiza (Oxygène/Oxygen) cyangwa se O2, ariwo mwuka duhumeka.

Iyo ishyamba ritemwe, birumvikana ko tuba duhombye kuri wa mwuka tugahumeka ya myuka mibi, hanyuma kandi ya CO2 ryari ryarabitse irasohoka igakwira mu kirere tukayihumeka ndetse ikanateza ibibazo by’ihindagurika ry’ikirere.

Abahanga mu by’ubumenyi bw’ikirere n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, bavuga ko iyo ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biteje imihindagurikire y’ikirere ntabwo bigabanya imvura yagombaga kugwa mu mwaka, ahubwo bigabanya igihe yagombaga kugwa. 

Ni ukuvuga ngo imvura yashoboraga kugwa mu mwaka wose ishobora kugwa mu kwezi kumwe, mu byumweru bibiri cyangwa se mu minsi ibiri. Byose birashoboka bitewe n’urwego ikirere cyahumanyijwemo.

Ibaze imvura yagombaga kugwa umwaka wose igeze aho igwa mu minsi ibiri gusa. Ubanza tutabibonera izina kuko byaba birenze kwitwa imyuzure.

N’ubwo bitaba mu minsi ibiri ariko bikaba mu gihe gito gishoboka, imihindagurikire y’ikirere ishobora gutera amapfa cyangwa se imyuzure kuko nyine iteza imvura nyinshi igwa mu gihe gito.

“Ibi byombi kandi dukunze kubibona mu gihugu cyacu aho mu bice bimwe imvura igenda igabanuka ahandi naho yagwa ikaba nyinshi mu gihe gito, bitandukanye n’uko byahoze mu myaka myinshi ishize” nk’uko Remy Norbert yakomeje abidutangariza, mu kiganiro twagiranye.

4. Ibinyabuzima biba muri iri shyamba bimwe byapfa ibindi bikabura aho byerekera

Ishyamba rya Nyungwe rifite ubuso bwa Km2 1,019 rikaba ari “isi” y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima binyuranye. Uretse ibyo biti n’ibimera byaba byamaze gutemwa, imigezi yaduhaga amazi yaba itazongera kuboneka, hari kandi n’inyamaswa zibamo twaba tutazongera kubona.

Amoko arenga 1068 y’ibimera (Flowering plants) birimo ubwoko bw’indabo za orchids burenga 148, byose twaba tubibuze. Ubwoko bw’inyoni burenga 322 bukurura ba mukerarugendo twaba tububuze.

By’umwihariko muri ubu bwoko 322 harimo ubwoko burenga 30 bw’inyoni utasanga ahandi bubarirwa muri Nyungwe gusa. Ubu nabwo twaba tububuze.

Mu nyamaswa zirimo harimo amoko menshi, inyamabere ubwoko burenga 85 harimo ubwoko burenga 13 bw’ibisabantu (primates), ubwoko burenga 38 bw’ibikururanda (reptiles) ndetse n’ubwoko burenga 32 bw’intubutubu (amphibians). Ibi byose twaba tubibuze.

Mu nyamaswa ziba mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe harimo inkende, inkoto (igitera, inyarubabi, inkotwa) [aya ni andi mazina y’igitera], icyondi, inkomo, inyenzi, igishabaga, umukunga, inkima, inkurashaje, imfumbetwa, ifumberi, igisaho, insyisyi, impongo, ingurube y’ishyamba, impereryi (Rushokanankomati), inzibyi;

Imondo, imbaka, mujeri, igihimbi gito/impimbi, igihimbi, urutoni, isiha, inzoka z’amoko anyuranye, inyoni z’amoko anyuranye… mbese urabona ko no kuzirondora urutonde rwabaye rurerure kandi tutabashije kuvuga zose. Izo zose zashira (ishyamba ritwitswe) cyangwa zigahunga.

5. Inzara idasanzwe yatera mu Rwanda

Wigeze wumva ngo cyera habayeho inzara ya Ruzagayura? Ubu noneho wabona irenzeho. Mu gihe twaba nta mazi dufite ndetse tutazi igihe azabonekera, mu gihe imvura yaba yaguye mu minsi itatu cyangwa ibiri cyangwa ibyumweru bibiri gusa mu mwaka igatwara amazu, ubutaka, amatungo n’ibintu; twatungwa n’iki? Twahinga hehe? Twarya ibivuye hehe? Twaba hehe? Gerageza kwibaza ibyo bintu! Tutibagiwe ko bishobora no kudutwara ubuzima.

6. Ba Mukerarugendo bagabanuka, amadovize yagabanuka

Mu hantu hasurwa cyane na ba mukerarugendo harimo n’ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Ushobora kwibaza ko ari ikintu gito ariko si ko bimeze, kuko amafaranga yinjira kubera ubukerarugendo ni umutungo ntasimburwa.

Protais Niyigaba, umuyobozi wa African Park icunga (Management) Ishyamba rya Nyungwe n’andi mashyamba, avuga ko “Mu Ukuboza 2022 gusa, iyi pariki yasuwe n’abakerarugendo 2,628, umwaka wose ushize ikaba yarasuwe n’abakerarugendo 21,564 bakaba bariyongereye bavuye ku 4,810 bayisuye mu 2008.”

7. Twahumeka umwuka mubi

Mu busanzwe birazwi ko amashyamba, ibiti, biyungurura umwuka duhumeka.

Nk’uko kandi twabibonye haruguru, amashyamba iyo atemwe cyangwa atwitswe bizamura gaz carbonique (CO2), umwuka utari mwiza namba ku muntu kuba yawuhumeka. Ibi kandi byongera na gaz methane ndetse n’indi myuka itari myiza ku muntu kuba yayihumeka, ndetse no ku nyamaswa.

Nyuma y’ibi byose twavuze haruguru, ushobora kuba uri kwibaza uti ese ubundi kuki Nyungwe yarangira? Raporo yakozwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu cyo kurengera ibidukikije, REMA, hamwe n’ibindi bigo bifite mu nshingano kurengera ibidukikije, yakozwe mu mwaka wa 2019, yagaragaje ko mu mwaka wa 2006, amwe mu ma pariki yo mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda harimo na Nyungwe yagabanutseho nibura 65% bitewe n’umubare munini w’abahaturiye;

Ndetse no kuba nibura 80% by’abaturage b’u Rwanda batunzwe n’ubuhinzi bityo bakeneye ubutaka bwo guhingamo. Ibi kandi byiyongera ku bwiyongere bw’abaturage buri ku rwego rugaragara, aho mu mwaka wa 2008 abaturage b’u Rwanda bari Miliyoni 9.708 naho mu mwaka wa 2018 bakaba bari bageze kuri Miliyoni 12.63. 

Ibarura rusange riherutse gukorwa n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ibarurishamibare (NIRS) ryagaragaje ko muri uyu mwaka wa 2023 abanyarwanda barenga Miliyoni 13 (13.246.394) aho abagabo ari 48.5% mu gihe abagore ari 51.5%.

“Ishyamba rya Nyungwe riherereye mu Majyepfo y’u Rwanda rikanakora mu Burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda. Rikikijwe n’uturere dutanu ari two Nyamagabe, Nyaruguru, Nyamasheke, Karongi na Rusizi; ku Majyepfo yaryo rikora ku Burundi kuri National Park ya Kibira” nk’uko Niyigaba Protais yabitangarije inyaRwanda.

Muri iyi nkuru, nshobora kuba nagaragaje amarangamutima menshi mu kugaragaza ububi bw’ibyabaho igihe ishyamba rya Nyungwe ryaba ribaye amateka cyangwa se ritwitswe, gusa, kubungabunga ibinyabuzima ni urugamba tugomba kurwana nta marangamutima. Kandi nk'umuntu wasuye iri shyamba nkanasobanurirwa akamaro karyo, narushijeho kunguka byinshi.

Wibuke kandi ko n'abayobozi mu nzego zinyuranye mu Rwanda bakunze kudushishikariza gutera ibiti aho bakunze kuvuga ngo "Nutema igiti kimwe ujye utera bibiri". Ibi bikwereka ko amashyamba ari ingenzi mu buzima bwa muntu. Ngaho rero mureke tuyabungabunge. Ni ibintu dusabwa gukora kuko bidufitiye akamaro. 

Iyo tubikangurirwa buri munsi ntitukabiteshe agaciro, kuko bihungabanye natwe twahungabana. Duharanire kandi ko amashyamba ari mu Rwanda, amashyamba ari ku isi abungabungwa kuko ingaruka z’ibibereye kure yacu natwe bitugeraho cyane, kandi n’ibibereye iwacu byangiriza n’abari kure. Ibi kandi bishobora gutwara igihe gito cyangwa kirekire kugira ngo bibe, kandi ingaruka zabyo zikaramba.

Ishyamba rya Nyungwe ni rimwe mu mashyamba igihugu cyacu gifite afitiye adufitiye akamaro muburyo buhebuje

Umugezi wa “Ndambarare” (Ndambarare Waterfall). Aha ni muri Nyungwe. Aya mazi amazi imyaka ibiri gusa avumbuwe, bishoboka ko hashobora no kuba hari ahandi hataravumburwa

Iri shyamba rya Nyungwe ririmo urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bitandukanyeIyi foto yafashwe nijoro mu rugendoshuri Nibura hafi 70% by’amazi akoreshwa mu gihugu ava muri iri shyambaIshyamba rifasha mu kuyungurura imyuka mibi ishobora guhumanya ikirere, bityo tukanabona umwuka duhumeka

Ku ubuso bwa km2  1,019 ririmo ibimera (Flowering Plants) amoko arenga 1068

Ridufitiye akamaro, kandi riranasurwaMu rugendo rwerekeza Ndambarare, hari aho ugera bikagusaba kuruhuka

Abanyamakuru bakora inkuru z’ibidukikije basuye umugezi wa Ndambarare muri NyungweUrugendo rw’ijoro kugira ngo ubashe kubona ibinyabuzima bibamo bigusaba itaraAbanyamakuru bahigiye byinshi, babonye byinshi