Telefone yavugiweho bwa mbere ku munsi nk'uyu mu 1876, menya byinshi kuri iyi ngurukanabutumwa

Ku munsi nk'uyu ni bwo umuntu wa mbere yavugiye kuri telefone bwa mbere, kuwa 10 Werurwe 1876 nibwo lexander Graham Bell yicaye mu cyumba ahamagara Thomas Watson agira ati” Mr Watson, come here, I want to speak to you ”.

Umushinga wa Bell watangiye ubwo yari arimo gushaka gukora udukoresho twinshi tw'igikoresho cya telegraph cyakoreshwa mu ugutumana ariko hakoreshejwe inyandiko gusa (messages), aha uyu mugaba yabwiye inshuti ze ndetse n'abo mu muryango we ko ashaka telegraph ishobora kohereza ubutumwa bwinshi icyarimwe, aha niho byatangiriye ubwo umwe muri bene wabo yumvaga igitecyerezo cye yaje gufata amafaranga macye  mu rwego rwo kumutera inkunga.  

Icyari gihari ni uko Bell uyu mushinga wamunaniye gusa ntiyatsindwa ubwo we n'inshuti ye Thomas Watson baje gukomeza bagerageza nibwo uyu mugabo Bell yibutse ko mu mpeshyi yari ishize yari afite umushinga wo kubaka agakoresha gashobora gufata ijwi rya muntu kakarinyuza mu mashanyarazi kakarijyana kure.

Nyuma yo kwibaza ibi uyu mugabo yahise afata ya mfashanyo yari yahawe yo kubaka telegraph iteye imbere ahita atangira kuyikoresha akora ku mushinga wa kano gakoresho yari yizeye ko kazajya gatwara ijwi rya muntu kakarivana mu mwanya umwe kakarijyana mu wundi aha hari mu mwaka wa 1875.

Umushinga wari watangiye gukorwa ahagana mu 1874 ariko ugakomeza kugenda usa n'udindira waje kugera mu 1875 Thomas na Bell bakomeza gukora cyane. Nyuma Bell yaje guhura n'uwitwa Joseph Henry yumva igitecyerezo cya Bell aragikunda amuha amagambo amutera imbaraga ndetse n'inyunganizi ashingiye ku kuntu yumvaga umushinga we ari mwiza.

Gusa wibuke Bell yari afite abantu bamuhaye amafaranga yo gukora telegraph ikora mu buryo bwinshi, umwe muri bo yari Gardiner Green Hubbard wari mwene wabo gusa uyu ntabwo yari aziranye na Joseph Henry ibi byatumye aba baterankunga bose nta n'umwe umenya ikiri kujya mbere neza kuko Hubbard yari azi ko Bell ari kubaka telegraph.

Kuryama kuri Bell kuva mu 1875-1876 byabaye inzozi kuri we hamwe na Thomas kugeza bageze ku muhigo. Ibi byose babikoreye muri laboratwari na n'ubu yabaye ubukombe aho yitiriwe iki cyogere cyagize uruhari ndetse n'ubwitange mu gukora iki cyuma ngurukana butumwa benshi dusigaye twita ubuzima bwacu.

Ese telefone yakozwe bwa mbere yakoraga gute?

Bell yatangiye kubona ko igitecyerezo cye cyo gukora igikoresho gifata ijwi ry'umuntu kikarishyira mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bishoboka igihe yari arimo gukora kuri telegraph. Ahagana mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1875 ni bwo yatangiye kumva ibicuro by'uko umushinga wabo wakunze.

Ahagana mu ntangiriro za 1876 Bell na Thomas bakomeje kubona ko bazatsinda urugamba batangiye ni bwo ku wa 10 Werurwe 1876, Bell yari ari mu cyuma kimwe niko gukoresha cya gikoresho bari barakoze twe twaje kumenya nka telefone aterura ijwi ahamagara Thomas agira ati” Mr Watson, come here, I want to speak to you”. Aya ni nayo magambo ya mbere yavugiwe kuri telefone bwa mbere.Ubundi uko telefone zikora magingo aya ntabwo bihabanye n'uko byahoze kuko byose inzira bikoramo zirajya gusa n'uko ubu bisa n'ibyateye imbere cyane kurusha cyera , ni ukuvuga ubundi umuntu iyo avugira kuri telefone ubwayo iba yifitemo agakoresho gashobora gutuma ifata ijwi ikarijyana mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi ariko bukaba buri mu mibare ariyo 0 na 1 noneho nyuma rikagenda rinyuze mu cyo twakwita umuyobora ari wo ugizwe n'iminara ndetse n'icyo twakwita ibiro by’itumanaho bakabanza bakareba niba uhamagaye abyemerewe.

Iki kiciro iyo kirangiye bahita bafata bwa butumwa butambuka bukagera ku munara w'ahantu umuntu uhamagawe aherereye byahagera umunara ugafata bwa butumwa ukabujyana kuri telefone y'uhamagawe, iyo bigeze kuri iyi telefone y'uhamagawe hari igikoresho nacyo gihita gifata rya jwi rije riri mu buryo bwa 0 na 1 kikarihindura mu buryo bw'ijwi risanzwe gusa ibi biba mu gihe gito cyane. 

Menya iterambere ryagiye riba uko imyaka yagendaga itambuka

1876: Muri uyu mwaka ni bwo lexander Graham Bell yatsinze igitego uwo bita Elisha Gray nawe wari ufite umushinga wo gukora telefone bwa mbere. Muri uyu mwaka ni bwo umuntu wa mbere yavugiye kuri telefone mu mateka y’Isi.

1879: Iki gihe nibwo abantu batangiye kujya bahamagara buri wese afite nimero imwanditseho

1888: Hammond V. Hayes iki gihe nibwo yavumbuye batiri izajya ikoreshwa muri buri telefone byaje bisimbura iby'uko bakoraga zicometse gusa nabwo ntibyamaraga akanya kanini ariko byari byisumbuyeho ku buryo bari basanzwe bakoresha.

1962: Uyu mwaka nibwo icyogajuru cya mbere cy'itumanaho cyagiye mu isanzure kandi iyi niyo yaje ari intwaro ikomeye mu itumanaho rishingiye kuri telefone,

1973: Muri uyu mwaka ni bwo ikigo cya Motorola cyakoze telefone ya mbere ngendanwa dore ko iza mbere zabaga ari ibintu biteretse ahantu hamwe.

Src: mitel.com, debusinessed.com...